The last words in Butler’s story “Speech Sounds” are: “I’m Valerie Rye…it’s all right for you to _____ me.”

What were the THREE leading questions focused on in “Meet the President”? (these might have also been on the paper topics)

According to the geography of MENA, Iraq lies in the between the and Rivers, where the ancient civilizations of were established.

Analyze the Five Pillars of Islam, discussing their significance in the daily lives of Muslims and their role in shaping Islamic identity and practice.

The religion of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share a common belief. Based on our class discussion and your textbook such common belief is called .

Differentiate between religious and secular states, providing examples from the MENA region. Discuss the implications of these differing state-religion relationships on governance, society, and international relations in the region.

Examine the geographical distribution of Sunni and Shi’a Islam across the MENA region according to our class discussion and map assignment you completed in this course. Discuss the historical origins of the Sunni-Shi’a schism and its ongoing implications for regional politics and security. Identify specific regions or countries where sectarian tensions between Sunni and Shi’a populations have led to conflict or instability.  

These two rivers, and , converge to form the Nile River, which meets at in Sudan.

The buildup of toxic salts in the topsoil where desert lands are subjected to extensive irrigation is known as .

Using the general formula for the density, ρ, shown below, and the spreadsheet above, select the formula that would be typed into cell C4 to allow the formula will be copied across and down to fill the table? ρ=mV{“version”:”1.1″,”math”:”ρ=mV”}