A PTA observes the gait of a pediatric client and notices scissoring.  This is MOST likely related to tightness of which muscles?

A PTA is observing gait in a patient who recently had right minimally-invasive total hip arthroplasty.  Full weight bearing is allowed one week after the surgery.  The PTA observes the right foot slaps the ground at initial contact.  The most common cause of this problem is:

Patients with severe spinal stenosis and/or degenerative arthritis of the spine usually find that their symptoms worsen with ___________ and improve once they ___________.

A therapist in a large teaching hospital treats patients on the orthopedic inpatient unit, some of whom have cancer affecting bones. Which of the following types of cancer does NOT commonly metastasize to bone?

A patient with rotator cuff tendinitis is working on arm strengthening activities in a PT clinic using a hand-held weight.  Which muscle would she most likely contract eccentrically to lower her arm/shoulder from a 90 degree flexed position (in a sitting position)?

Physical therapy treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome involves strategies to reduce compression of the ___________ nerve.

A 68 year-old patient with lower back pain has x-ray evidence of bilateral narrowing of intervertebral foramen at L5-S1, causing nerve root compression and bilateral lower extremity radiculopathy.  The compression is MOST related to:

A 75 year-old man is observed to have limited hip extension range of motion bilaterally with gait at normal walking speed. The hip flexors are determined to be tight bilaterally.  What effect will this range of motion limitation MOST likely have on his step length?

A snowboarder who sustained a displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus three weeks ago is wearing a removable hard plastic elbow splint for her PT appointment. The physical therapist’s treatment plan is somewhat vague and calls for “A/AROM.” Which of the following is MOST likely a part of the treatment today?

A PTA is reviewing the chart for an upcoming patient on their schedule.  The PT’s evaluation notes that the thoracic spine has excessive kyphosis.  Of the following, which muscles are MOST likely to be tight and in need of stretching with this patient?