A 70-year-old male with a history of chronic inflammatory conditions presents with new-onset fatigue and weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal elevated inflammatory markers and abnormal white blood cell counts.  What is the most likely explanation for his increased cancer risk? 

A 55-year-old female with a history of deep vein thrombosis is prescribed an anticoagulant that enhances the effects of prostacyclin.  What is the expected outcome of this therapy?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

A 50-year-old male with a history of hepatitis B infection is diagnosed with liver cancer.   How can hepatitis B virus contribute to cancer development? 

A 55-year-old female with breast cancer is found to have cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).  What is the primary consequence of EMT in cancer progression? 

A 40-year-old female with a fractured ankle has been in a cast for 8 weeks. She now experiences muscle weakness and stiffness in her lower leg.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

A 20-year-old male presents with severe shoulder pain and deformity after falling on an outstretched arm. Physical examination reveals a prominent acromion and loss of the normal shoulder contour.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

Which mechanism of injury is most likely to cause an ACL rupture? 

A 50-year-old male presents with numbness and tingling in his ring and little fingers. He reports that his symptoms are worse when he leans on his elbow or bends his arm for extended periods. Physical examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 50-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?