A natural subsurface opening connected to the surface and large enough for entry is called a(n):

Potential stream energy is also known as the energy of:

The Cambrian explosion refers to ____.

Three of the five largest mass extinctions occurred throughout the Paleozoic, at the end of the ____, _____, and ____ periods (oldest to youngest).

A 68-year-old patient is brought into the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. The patient is semi-conscious and appears to be struggling to breathe. As the primary nurse, which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention based on the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) approach?  

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is preparing for physical therapy. Which priority nursing assessment should be completed before the patient begins activity?

The nurse is providing education to a patient with asthma about their personalized asthma action plan. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse is assessing a patient admitted with pneumonia.  Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find.  (Select all that apply).

Case Study Question #3 The nurse cares for a 72-year-old female admitted to the medical unit with dehydration and secondary diagnosis of mid-stage Alzheimer’s disease.  Phase Sheet   Name Theresa Peters Gender F Age 72 Weight (lbs/kg) 122 lb (55 kg) Allergies NKA Nurses’ Notes   DAY 1 1800:  Client admitted from ED to medical unit for dehydration after several days of poor PO intake where she appeared to briefly lose consciousness this am after breakfast. Retired for several years as seamstress and husband passed away last year. Now lives with daughter/family due to recent diagnosis of middle stage Alzheimer’s disease, history of mild hypertension & gastroesophageal reflux.  Daughter notes appetite has diminished in past 2-3 weeks and it is hard to get her to drink enough fluids even in the warmer weather.  She has been more “down in the dumps” the past few weeks. Client has been unsteady on her feet due to dizziness and increasingly weak. P: 104 and B/P 102/62 (sitting) & 94/55 (standing). Skin & mucous membranes dry; tenting noted. Admission BUN & creatinine elevated. Foley inserted and draining concentrated amber urine. Provider notified; ordered fluid challenge of 500 ml normal saline. Alert/oriented to name only, answers questions, pleasant, cooperative, asking for daughter.  2200:  B/P and P improved after saline bolus. U/O clear yellow and increased to 240 ml in past 4 hrs. Resting quietly, cooperative and no report of dizziness, etc. DAY 2 0800: IV normal saline running at 75 ml/hr. B/P improved to 124/74 and negative for orthostatic changes. Lisinopril dose held this am. Am labs improved—BUN/creatinine WNL. 1200:  VS stable. Not interested in lunch despite reminders to eat. IV normal saline @ 50 ml/hr. Foley draining adequate amts clear yellow urine. Seems more disoriented, anxious and inattentive. Vital Signs   Time 1800 2200 0800 1200   T ◦F/ ◦C 97.8 F /36.5 C 98 F / 36.6 C 97.8 F/36.5 C 98.2/36.7 C   P 104 94 86 84   RR 20 18 16 18   B/P 102/62 110/68 120/72 130/76   Pulse oximeter 97 97 96 97   Oxygen Room air Room air Room air Room air   Laboratory Report   Lab Results @ 1400 (ED) Reference Range Sodium 145 135 to 145 mEq/L Potassium 5.0 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L Glucose (fasting) 72 Normal

The nurse is assessing an older adult patient and recognizes that aging increases the risk for impaired gas exchange. Which of the following age-related changes contribute to this risk? (Select all that apply)