In early work on shark behavior, the “Shark Lady” Dr. Eugenie Clark demonstrated that she could train subadult and adult nurse sharks to press targets to receive food rewards. What type of behavior is this?

Which of the following structures is used to maintain neutral buoyancy in the Chondrichthyans?

What is the nature of the relationship between temperature and metabolic rate in the chondrichthyans?

Let’s say that we grouped all fishes (the jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish) into one taxonomic group known as “the fishes” because of their similarities, excluding all other animals. What type of grouping would this group be?

What is the name of the fin that is labeled with the black arrow in the picture below?   

I recently was part of a team charged with assessing the status of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) population on the U.S. Atlantic coast.   The graph below shows the size (in fork length, which is from the tip of of the rostrum to the “fork” in the caudal fin) of smooth dogfish caught in a fishery-independent survey conducted off of Virginia from 1994-2012.  The diamonds represent individuals animals and the line represents a trendline. Based on these data, is the phenomenon known as juvenescence occurring in this population?   

In which of the following structures would you expect to observe rugae in?

Placebo treatment can produce significant improvements in:

Explain how mindfulness interventions can help people manage stress and anxiety more effectively.  Provide your response in at least two sentences.

According to Bryant and Verhoff, three preconditions must be met for a savoring experience to occur.  These are