Informed refusal means the patient gives notice to the health care provider that they do not want any treatment before they begin the decision-making process. Any statement made by the patient refusing treatment must be made in writing and added to the patient record.

All of the following are goals of nonsurgical therapy, except:

The 2017 AAP/EFA Periodontal Disease Classification System identifies three stages of periodontitis. Stage III periodontitis is a more serious condition than Stage I periodontitis.

Certain medications contribute to gingival enlargement, including:

Host modulation refers to which of the following?

Increased gingival inflammation in a patient who is pregnant happens:

A generalized, pronounced overgrowth of the gingival tissue, first seen in the papillae of the anterior sextants, is most often caused by:

All of the following are symptoms of inflammation, except:

A 50-year-old patient presents with 1 mm of attachment loss in most of the mouth; however, there is 6 mm of attachment loss present on the proximal surfaces of the maxillary first and second molars. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Based on available research, it is ______ to prove causality between periodontitis and systemic disease.