Why isn’t DNS centralized?

If a file consists of F bits and the transfer takes T seconds for the receiver to receive all of the bits, what is the average throughput?

Caravan Question: 3. Once the first car leaves the toll booth, how long does it take until it arrives at the next toll booth?

End-to-End Throughput Question: 1. What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps) for each of four client-to-server pairs, assuming that the middle link is fairly shared (divides its transmission rate equally)? Please enter your answer as only a number, with no other characters.

End-to-End Throughput Question: Overview. Consider the scenario shown below, with four different servers connected to four different clients over four three-hop paths. The four pairs share a common middle hop with a transmission capacity of R = 400 Mbps. The four links from the servers to the shared link have a transmission capacity of RS = 50 Mbps. Each of the four links from the shared middle link to a client has a transmission capacity of RC = 20 Mbps. Answer the following five questions based on the scenario described above.

What is the purpose of TTL in DNS records?

Circuit switching pre-allocates use of the transmission link regardless of demand, with allocated but unneeded link resources going unused.

30g of soil are dispersed in 1000 ml of solution. A 10 ml pipet is used to collect the fraction smaller than 0.002mm which is then transferred to a beaker dried, and weighed.  The pipetted fraction is found to weigh 0.07 g.  The material greater than 0.05 mm is collected on a sieve, dried and found to weigh 10g.  What are the percentages of sand, silt, and clay?

If a soil has a Dp=2.65 g/cm3 and a Db=1.3 g/cm3, what is the % pore space? 

Which of the following network applications typically runs over UDP?