All below are extrinsic risk factors for sports injury/illness except for:

Name the posture below:  

The two most common types (Wiltse classification) of spondylolesthesis that you will see in an athlete are:

Match the root level with the appropriate dermatome

A 60 year old recreational female athlete who has been diagnosed with osteoporosis is experiencing too much activity of these bone cells:

According to the Kendall manual muscle testing scale, if the best that the athlete can do is move through the full motion and hold the position against gravity, the MMT score would be a:

Contact injuries involve external forces.

List and define the scores on the DTR scale and  explain the causes of hypo and hyper reflexia.  (6 points). Lastly, explain the Babinski test. How is it administered and what does this test tell you (1 pt)

Central spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine is caused by:

In the thoraco-lumbar spine all of the motions below have a normal tissue stretch end feel except for ___________________________, which has a bony end feel.