11. Which of the following is true regarding coercive sexual contact in prisons?   a.  Coercion is more likely to be present between female officers and male inmates.   b.  Coercion is more likely to be present between male officers and female inmates.   c.  Coercion is more likely to be present between female officers and female inmates.   d.  PREA reports do not distinguish between coercive and consensual encounters.

According to the text, there are five essential elements to the definition of punishment. Which of the following is not one of these five elements?   a.  There are at least two persons involved.   b.  The person who inflicts the punishment causes a certain harm to the person who is being punished.   c.  The person who inflicts the punishment has been authorized, under a system of rules or laws, to harm the person who is punished in this particular way.   d.  The person who is being punished has been identified and judged by his/her victim.

11. Because plea bargaining is efficient and benefits both the state and the defendant, this process is justified by:   a.  utilitarianism.   b.  ethical formalism.   c.  egoism.   d.  ethics of care.

12. A legal tool used to confiscate property and money associated with organized criminal activity is called:   a.  dispossession.   b.  wealth audit.   c.  asset forfeiture.   d.  embezzlement.  

1. Legal paternalism refers to:   a.  laws that protect children against their parents.   b.  laws that protect societal morals.   c.  laws that protect individual from hurting themselves.   d.  laws that guarantee the rights of the father.

13. The “halo effect” refers to:   a.  the phenomenon in which a defendant is seen as innocent and naïve.   b.  the phenomenon in which a person with expertise or status in one area is given deference in all areas.   c.  the phenomenon in which the defense attorney is given deference even when he is clearly stretching the truth.   d.  the phenomenon in which the witness is a member of the clergy.  

Compare and contrast the due process model and crime control model and discuss which model is more appropriate today for law enforcement and why.

The “blue curtain of secrecy” refers to:   a.  the law that prevents the release of some victim information from police reports.   b.  the practice of police officers to remain silent when fellow officers commit unethical actions.   c.  the practice of voting in secret during elections of police union leaders.   d.  the news media’s reluctance to report on certain police issues.

According to the text, the last step necessary to clarify any dilemma is to _______________________.   a.  identify of potential values involved   b.  review all the facts   c.  identify all possible moral dilemmas   d.  resolve the ethical dilemma by using some means of decision making

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