A patient who recovered from a previous infection has a rapid and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Which cells are responsible for this enhanced response in humoral immunity? 

A patient with a bacterial infection shows an increased number of neutrophils at the site of infection. What process is responsible for this increase? 

Where do B cells develop and mature? 

A 45-year-old male with a history of liver disease presents with prolonged bleeding. Laboratory tests show low levels of protein C.  What is the role of thrombomodulin in this patient’s condition? 

A patient with a bacterial infection has elevated levels of mannose-binding lectin. Which pathway of the complement system is likely activated in this patient? 

Which glycoprotein on the platelet membrane is crucial for platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall? 

A 45-year-old male presents with lower back pain radiating down his left leg. He reports numbness and weakness in his left foot. MRI reveals a herniated disc at the L4-L5 level.  What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? 

A 22-year-old female basketball player presents with knee pain and swelling after landing awkwardly from a jump. She reports hearing a “pop” at the time of injury. Physical examination reveals a positive Lachman test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with an autoimmune disease has a deficiency in Tregs. What is the role of Tregs in the immune system?

A 76-year-old man with Parkinson disease is evaluated for Pisa syndrome. He leans significantly to one side when walking. What additional symptom is likely to be contributing?