Building codes are concerned with the construction of buildings while the term ___ refers to regulation of the use of land.

Billy is in an interrogation room at a police station. He was brought there after being arrested on suspicion of DUI. He was not read his Miranda rights on the side of the road when he was taken into custody and was not read his Miranda rights upon arriving at the station either. The detective who enters the interrogation room is unaware of this information and begins questioning Billy about his whereabouts that evening. Billy mentions that he was at a bar called “The Floating Walrus.” This piques the detectives interest, because a woman last seen at that bar has been reported missing. When the detective mentions her name, Billy breaks down crying and asks for forgiveness. Billy then says her body is in a wooded area about 250 feet behind the bar. The detective leaves the station, heads to that area, and finds the woman’s body; she is dead from a gunshot wound. A gun registered to Billy is lying next to her. Does Billy have a valid basis to suppress his confession?

Involuntary ___ rarely occurs, but when it does, it can negate criminal intent.

The defendant and her husband have two sons, ages five and three. Without notifying her husband, she left the family home with both children while no court proceedings were pending concerning either their marriage or custody of their children. Two weeks later, and without the wife’s knowledge, the husband obtained a court order granting him custody of the two children. An arrest warrant was eventually issued for the wife. She was arrested in another state and brought back to her home state, where she now faces prosecution under a statute that provides, “Whoever, being a relative of a child … without lawful authority, holds or intends to hold such a child permanently or for a protracted period, or takes or entices a child from his lawful custodian … shall be guilty of a felony.” The wife’s attorney stipulates that the facts are correct as stated but contends the wife cannot be convicted of parental kidnapping under the quoted statute. What result do you think should occur?

While taking his nightly walk, Charley Goodneighbor saw Joe Macho commit a battery on Charlene Lovely, a fourteen-year-old girl. Goodneighbor came to Lovely’s defense and struck Macho so hard it fractured his skull. The police arrested both Macho and Goodneighbor. Goodneighbor explained to the police that he came to Lovely’s aid to prevent her from being injured by Macho. What factors will the prosecutor probably consider in determining whether to file charges against Goodneighbor?

The common law regarded a child under the age of ___ as incapable of forming criminal intent.

Today, corporations can be held criminally liable for the acts their agents commit within the scope of their authority.

At a state peace officers’ convention, two police officers from Sedateville, a small rural community, developed a friendship with two officers from Trendville, a metropolitan city. Gambling, except for a state lottery, was prohibited in the state. As their friendship developed, they enjoyed “a friendly game of poker” with modest betting. They all agreed that “after all, gambling is really not all bad” and probably should not be prohibited. As the rural officers began to lament their modest salaries, the Trendville officers introduced them to some “prominent businessmen.” They all agreed that “it would hurt no one” to allow these businessmen to conduct some private gambling operations in Sedateville. But, of course, the operation would require some protection by the local police. With cooperation of the officers, the businessmen opened a bar where gambling was conducted in a back room. The new operation also accommodated male patrons seeking prostitutes by transporting the men to Trendville for a weekend “sports event.” Through the cooperation of the officers, the new operation was “overlooked” by the Sedateville police. In turn, the officers from Trendville and Sedateville enjoyed some of the profits from the gambling and prostitution activities. The four officers’ gains eventually exceeded their salaries as police officers, and as they later said, “No one was hurt in this operation—people were just allowed to have a good time.” Assuming this conduct were considered an enterprise under state law, could the officers be prosecuted for a RICO violation?

Under the doctrine of ________, a defendant is guilty if they intended to injure a person with their acts, but a different person was actually injured by their acts.

Which of the following nutrient classes contains the most energy per gram?