At what stage of meiosis is the independent assortment of chromosomes determined?

Legun’s blood type is AB and his sister’s blood type is O.  Their parents blood types must be:

Mendel’s work demonstrated that traits are inherited as:

A manifesting heterozygote…

The trait of medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP’. Plants with large leaves are PP, while plants with small leaves are P’P’. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves. They produce 80 seedlings. How would you describe the genotype of the plants with medium-sized leaves?

The phenotype of vestigial (short) wings (vg) in Drosophila melanogaster is caused by a recessive mutant gene that independently assorts with a recessive gene for hairy (h ) body. Assume that a cross is made between a fly with normal wings (homozygous) and a hairy body and a fly with vestigial wings and normal body hair (homozygous). The wild-type F1 flies were crossed among each other to produce 1024 offspring. How many of the flies would you expect to have both vestigial wings and a hairy body?

A cross was made between homozygous wild-type female Drosophila and yellow-bodied male Drosophila. All of the resulting offspring were phenotypically wild type. Offspring of the F2 generation had the following phenotypes:         Sex               Phenotype           Number         male                wild                     96       male              yellow                   99       female             wild                   197   Is the mutant gene for yellow body behaving as a recessive or dominant?

A cell with an extra chromosome is called:

Individuals with Turner syndrome have a single X chromosome and no Y chromosome. Turner syndrome is an example of:

X-inactivation is an example of what type of genetic change?