Short Essay #2. Pick one of the following (three different topics total): 1. What is relativism? Define the term and explain how it is connected to the ideas of objective and subjective truth. What reason(s) might someone have for accepting relativism? Then, explain why most philosophers believe that radical relativism is flawed. Be sure to describe the logical steps in the argument against radical relativism. 2. Provide an overview of the case against Socrates in “The Apology.” What is he accused of, and why? How is this related to the story about the oracle at Delphi? How does Socrates defend himself against his accusers? Then, explain his argument that death is probably a good thing. Why does he think this? Clearly explain the steps in his argument. Do you agree with him? 3. Explain Anselm’s ‘Ontological Argument’. What are the main points in the argument and what does Anselm conclude? Then, also explain Paley’s ‘Argument from Design’. Be sure to include an account of the way that Paley uses analogy in his argument. Finally, offer at least one criticism of each argument. How would an atheist critique these arguments? 4. Write about Descartes’ “Meditations on First Philosophy.” What is Descartes’ philosophical method? Why does he use this method? What is he trying to accomplish? Be sure to include an overview of the steps that he makes in his analysis of reality. What does he finally conclude about reality? Do you think that his arguments prove the existence of the world or not? Defend your answer. 5. Write about Hume’s “Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.” What is Hume’s philosophical method? What does Hume think of Descartes’ theory of reality? What are the two types of perceptions that we employ, according to Hume, and what is the difference between them? Which one is more important, and why? Finally, what does Hume think about the relation between causes and effects? Why does he think this?

“Every swan I have seen is white. Therefore, swans are white,” is an example of what kind of argument/reasoning?

A G3P2002 patient presents for prenatal care and the physical exam indicates that the baby may be small for gestational age. The mother does not smoke or drink alcohol or use illicit drugs. She does not have any known complications, such as HTN, anemia, renal disease, malnutrition, lupus, etc. Neither she nor her husband have constitutionally small statures. Her previous pregnancies did not involve SGA infants. Which of the following tests will best evaluate placental function to determine if poor placental function is the cause of SGA?

In Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave,” what do the prisoners falsely believe to be reality?

A woman reports 6 pregnancies. One child was born at 41 weeks gestation, one at 39 weeks gestation, one at 34 weeks gestation and one at 30 weeks gestation. She had two spontaneous abortions at 8 weeks gestation and 10 weeks gestation. The baby that was born at 30 weeks gestation died in infancy, but the other children are still living. Which of the following is the correct TPAL designation?

Which of the following is accurate patient education to help prevent shaken baby syndrome and abusive head trauma?

A patient presents with excessive nausea and vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) with heavy vaginal bleeding with the expulsion of grape-like clusters. Her vitals are normal, except that her blood pressure is 160/110 mm Hg. She has a negative history for hypertension. She says that she did a home pregnancy test a few weeks ago and the results were positive. Her current gestational age is 8 weeks 2 days. You collect a serum B-hCG and the results are extremely high, (well over 100,000). Urine dipstick shows positive protein. From this information alone, your most likely diagnosis is:

The statement ‘There is no truth’ is:

Preconception care can include checking titers of some viral diseases to determine if additional vaccination is needed before conception. Which of the following viral illnesses, if contracted during pregnancy (by the mother with a low titer), can affect skin, limb, eye and brain development in the baby?

When we base our belief(s) on what we have heard or learned from another person/source, this is called: