A Facebook news story declares that eating chocolate increases the risk of bladder cancers.  You click on the article and find that it cites a study where rats who consumed more chocolate had an increased risk of cancer depending on how much they consumed.  Rats who consumed the most had a high risk for bladder cancer whereas rats who did not consume chocolate had an extremely low risk of bladder cancer.  Cancer only developed after chocolate was consumed. What can you conclude from this study?

In a species of salamander, Plethodon hermani, females are more likely to mate with males who have red legs than males with dull legs.  Males are more likely to mate with females who have larger abdomens.  Females have evolved air sacs that they inflate to make their abdomens look bigger.   Both redness of legs and air sacs are heritable.

Mammals and birds are descendents of reptiles, but are not included within the taxon Reptilia. As a taxon Reptilia is…

Microevolution involves ___

There are many types of Natural selection and they act on traits in different ways. Assume there is selection acting on size of a wing in a bird.  For each type of selection match what will happen to the variation in wing size among individuals in the population over time.  Hint: think about the distributions we drew in class for each of these types of natural selection.

Which of the following genetic engineering methods allows for precise insertion or modification of a gene at a specific genomic location?

Microevolution involves ___

The enzyme that attaches DNA nucleotides at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes using an RNA-template is called

A genes expressed at a relatively constant level in tissues regardless of variations in the animal’s condition is called a

Which type of science denial involves presenting an unqualified person or institution as a credible source for information?