Once a neuron reaches threshold membrane potential, the action potential can only travel in one direction, towards the axon terminals. (2 points)

Which type of membrane proteins are required to establish a resting membrane potential? Choose all that apply. (3 points)  

If a graded (local) potential does not reach threshold, the cell will return to resting membrane potential once the stimulus stops. (2 points)  

When considering the electrochemical gradient of potassium ions, the electric gradient counteracts (is opposite) the chemical gradient of the ion. (2 points)

Efferent neurons carry electrical signals toward the central nervous system. (2 points)

When considering the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions, the electric gradient counteracts (is opposite) the chemical gradient of the ion. (2 points)  

A neurotransmitter binds to and opens chemical-gated Cl- channels on the dendrites of an interneuron. There is a greater concentration of Cl- outside of the cell than inside of the cell. What will happen next?

Which of the following functional classes of neurons is found entirely within the CNS (does not enter / exit periphery)?

Using the image above, if the axon on neuron 3 was damaged, what is one potential result? (3 points)

Using the specific circuit shown above, which neuron is associated with the ventral root?