Under the __________ Rule, it must be clearly proved that, a…

Under the __________ Rule, it must be clearly proved that, at the time of committing the act, the party accused was laboring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing; or, if he did know it, that he did not know what he was doing was wrong.

Sophia is having a hard time in her math class this semester…

Sophia is having a hard time in her math class this semester. Her math professor has sent a notice to her adviser that she may need to withdraw from the class. Sophia’s adviser schedules an appointment to discuss this issue with her. Sophia begins with the argument that her math professor is unfair, that the homework was not related to his lectures, and that he just does not like her. Sophia is demonstrating which logical fallacy?