A patient with a history of substance abuse now presents with memory deficits. Which DSM‑5‑TR category best fits this presentation?

A 55‑year‑old patient with chronic insomnia is prescribed zolpidem. Which best describes its mechanism of action?

A patient complains of difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Which DSM‑5‑TR category does this clinical picture best represent?

A clinician remarks that standardized diagnostic tools sometimes fail to capture culturally specific distress. This critique is directed toward:

A patient reports that her mood fluctuates in a pattern corresponding with her menstrual cycle. For a diagnosis of PMDD, what additional information is most critical?

A 45‑year‑old patient presents with low energy and concentration difficulties. To help differentiate between a depressive disorder and a neurocognitive disorder, the clinician primarily relies on:

A 70‑year‑old patient presents with memory loss and disorientation. According to DSM‑5‑TR criteria, which diagnostic category is most appropriate?

 In the SOAP note, where does the clinician record their diagnostic impressions?

A patient from a minority culture explains that his experience of distress is deeply influenced by his cultural background. This scenario underscores the importance of:

A patient with panic disorder is started on alprazolam. Which adverse effect is most important for the clinician to warn the patient about?