FRQ: Please complete all sections. Keep your answers distinctly separate by paragraph and complete each response in full sentences. (8 pts) Identify – provide specific information about a specific topic, just the facts. Describe – provide the relevant characteristics of a specified topic by including details in your response. Explain – Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning to support or qualify a claim. Explain “how” typically requires analyzing the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome;whereas, explain “why” typically requires analysis of motivations or reasons for the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome. Also phrased as “give one reason.”  Yes, this is A LOT so go in deep with your explanation. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Biogeochemical cycles describe the movement of certain elements (typically bound with other elements in compounds) through Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. These elements and their compounds are necessary components of all life, and because they cycle, they can be used repeatedly by new generations of organisms. Each biogeochemical cycle has different pathways with various reservoirs (sources and sinks) where elements may reside for days or millions of years. (a) The atmosphere is one important carbon reservoir.     (i) Describe a biological process by which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and converted to organic molecules.     (ii) Describe a biological process by which carbon is converted from organic molecules to a gas and returned to the atmosphere.  (b) Oceans and terrestrial systems are also important carbon reservoirs.     (i) Explain how atmospheric carbon is incorporated into an oceanic sink.     (ii) Identify one terrestrial sink, other than fossil fuels, that stores carbon for thousands to millions of years.  (c) Describe a human activity that increases the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere.  (d) Identify and describe an environmental problem that results from elevated atmospheric carbon concentrations.

What is one ecological role of coral reefs?

The use of the acronym OCEAN to help remember the Big Five personality traits is an example of what type of memory-enhancing strategy? 

How does competition influence relationships within an ecosystem?

What is gross primary productivity?

Which activity primarily leads to desertification in grasslands?

What do the arrows in a food chain or food web represent?

Describe one direct effect that a decline in the frog population would have on the food web. Identify an organism that is both a secondary and tertiary consumer.  

_________ reinforcement is when a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, while _________ reinforcement is when a behavior is not reinforced every time.  

Nifedipine Adverse reactions/side effects