Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an especially severe genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. Beginning in 2018, several pilot studies were initiated to see if genetic engineers could correct mutations in the dystrophin gene using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In these trial experiments, a modified adenovirus was used to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 system into a muscle cell, which would then modify the dystrophin gene. While successful, more work remains to be done to ensure that such treatments can be used to safely in actual patients. Genetic technology used to treat a disease in an individual is known as ________.

A 70-year female patient has the BRCA1 mutation. Based on the data below, her increased risk of developing breast cancer is approximately times that of the general population.

Red-green color blindness in humans is inherited as a recessive X-linked trait. The allele for normal vision is B, and the allele for colorblindness is b.  A husband and wife have 4 sons and 2 daughters. All 4 sons are color-blind, but none of the daughters are color-blind. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Which of the following is a criterion for a good hypothesis?

Gaucher Disease is caused by an autosomal recessive allele. A woman has a child with Gaucher Disease, but she is uncertain who the father is. One of the possible fathers has Gaucher Disease. The other possible father does not have the disease. Based on this information, the woman can identify which of these two men is her child’s father with 100% certainty. True or false?

Use the table below to transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence and identify the final polypeptide strand. DNA: 3′ – TACGGGGGTCCCTTGGCA – 5′

What is the relationship between the terms “genotype” and “phenotype”?

You have identified the mutation in a p53 gene responsible for an aggressive type of lung cancer. The mutation is highlighted in red and underlined in the DNA sequence data below. What type of mutation is it? What change does the mutation cause? Normal p53 Sequence: 3′ – AATGCACAACCATTCCCA – 5’Mutant p53 Sequence: 3′ – AATGCACAACCATCCCCA – 5′

Which of the following makes the sentence FALSE? “You should avoid smoking in order to…”

Which phylogeny is best supported by the DNA sequence similarity data in the table below? birds crocodilians lepidosaurs (lizards) turtles mammals birds 100% crocodilians 88% 100% lepidosaurs (lizards) 72% 71% 100% turtles 70% 72% 91% 100% mammals 60% 58% 60% 59% 100% Hint: Compare all of the DNA similarities.