The    had  an  impact  on  Roman civilization in numerous ways, both  large  and  small.  The  Romans  adopted clothing like the  toga   and  short  cloak.  The  insignia  of   the  kings became the insignia of  Roman  magistrates. 

According to the Catholic church tradition, known as the doctrine of , Jesus had given the keys to the kingdom  of   heaven  to  Peter,  who  was  considered  the  chief   apostle  and  the  first  bishop  of   Rome.  Subsequent  bishops  of   Rome were considered Peter’s successors and later the “vicars of  Christ” on earth. Though this exalted view of  the bishops of  Rome was by no means accepted by all early Christians, Rome’s position as the traditional capital of  the Roman Empire served to buttress this claim.  

The chief  executive officers of  the Roman republic who possessed imperium (the right to command) were the consuls and praetors.  

In 23 b.c., the Roman emperor was given the power of  a tribune without actually holding the office itself; this power enabled him to propose laws and veto any item of  public business. Although officials continued to be elected, his authority ensured that his candidates usually won. This situation caused participation in elections to decline. Consequently, the popular assemblies, shorn of  any real role in elections  and  increasingly  overshadowed  by  the  senate’s  decrees,  gradually declined in importance.

The  Roman    came  to  hold  an  especially  important  position  in  the  republic.  This body, also known as the council  of   elders,  was  a  select  group  of   about  three  hundred  men  who  served  for  life.  It was not a legislative body and could only advise the magistrates. The advice of  this body was not taken lightly, how-ever, and by the third century B.C. had virtually the force of  law. 

The  ___________________________  class in Rome consisted of  families who were descended from the original senators appointed during the period of  the kings. Their  initial  prominence  was  probably  due  to  their  wealth  as  great  landowners.  Thus,  they constituted  an  aristocratic  governing  class.  They  alone  could  be  consuls,  other  magistrates,  and  senators. 

The  greatest  historian  of   the  silver  age of Latin literature  was `Tacitus`.  His  main  works  included  the  Annals and  the  Histories, which  presented  a  narrative  account  of   Roman  history  from  the  reign  of   Tiberius  through  the  assassination  of   Domitian  in  96 a.d.

Which of the following tools of public land use control represents the earliest method of police power to regulate land use? (Hint: Standards for energy efficiency and sustainability are the most recent trends in the application of this land use control.)

With an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), the risk of unanticipated increases in the level of interest rates is mostly be borne by:

A special contract in which the borrower pledges the mortgaged property as security to the lender is commonly referred to as the: