DNA packing, X inactivation, and DNA chemical modification all affect gene expression by affecting the DNA chromosome itself. Explain a) what effect these have on the DNA chromosome (in general, no need to explain all three in detail) and b) how this effect regulates gene expression.

The following image show a gel at the end of gel electrophoresis. Well 1 was filled with a control, the exact DNA sequence we are looking for. Wells 3 and 5 were filled with DNA extracted from two different samples. Which of these samples does not contain the DNA sequence we are looking for? Choose all that apply.    

Which of the following is an example of a repressible operon?

When a ligand binds to a receptor protein, what generally happens to the protein?

The DNA strand that is not read to synthesize a new RNA strand, and as such is an almost exact copy for the new RNA strand (replacing T’s with U’s) is called what?

As the amount of lactose in an E. coli cell increases, explain what will happen to: The lac operon Lactose-related enzyme activity You should explain in detail, identifying both what will happen to both of these and why it will happen.

Which of the following is not a means of RNA processing?

Where in the eukaryotic cell does translation generally occur?

Which of the following is an example of an inducible operon?

Which of the following does not possess a repressor protein bound to its operator sequence in its natural state?