What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes? Why do prokaryotes not require telomeres (be specific)?

What is relayed from molecule to molecule in a signal transduction pathway?

In a gel electrophoresis electricity runs through the gel giving it a charge. The area near the sample wells possesses a charge, while the area at the opposite end of the gel possesses a charge.

The process by which a bacterial cell forms a physical bridge to another bacterial cell, and passes on a copied portion of its own chromosome into the recipient cell for incorporation into the recipient’s chromosome, is known as what?

What polypeptide would result from the translation of an mRNA strand with the sequence listed below? Use the provided codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence – you may list the amino acids either by their three letter abbreviation or by their full name. You should also identify the N terminus and C terminus of the sequence. For students who need it, the long description for the codon chart is linked beneath the image.    5′ – AUG-AUU-UCA-CUU-UGA – 3′ Accessible Codon Chart Long Description.pdf   

Outline the process by which transcription is initiated in eukaryotic cells. You should identify step-by-step what must occur and should specifically identify any proteins and/or chromosome segments involved in these steps.

The following is a segment of a DNA strand. Identify the mRNA sequence that would result from transcription of this segment. Be sure to label both ends of the strand as well as identify the sequence of the strand. 5′ – GCCATTGCTATCT – 3′ 3′ – CGGTAACGATAGA – 5′  

During gene cloning the bacterial plasmid in which a gene is added serves as the what?

Which of the following best describes the function of a restriction site?

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device that diagnoses and can correct an arrhythmia of the heart by administering a large electrical shock. A. State what first happens at the cellular level when the heart is “shocked” with an AED. 2 pts B. Shocking the heart this way can be successful in restoring normal sinus rhythm to a heart experiencing ventricular fibrillation. Explain why and how this occurs. (Hint- do not just say that shocking the heart restores sinus rhythm!). 3pts