A 64-year-old male presents with increased dyspnea. He has a…

A 64-year-old male presents with increased dyspnea. He has a barrel chest, is thin, and is pink in color. Clubbing of the fingers is present. Wheezes and rhonchi are present bilaterally in all lobes, and pursed lip breathing is noted. Vital signs are: blood pressure 162/92; pulse 118 beats per minute; respiratory rate 22.The “pink” color of this patient’s skin is a result of