Please define gluconeogenesis (Please mention at least 3 different types of substrates). Why gluconeogenesis is especially important in ruminants?

Hypervitaminosis means an abnormal condition caused by vitamin deficiency. 

In animal body, only the L-amino acids (not the D-amino acids) can be used as building blocks for protein synthesis.

How many CO2 molecules are generated from one complete Citric Acid Cycle?

Alanine dehydrogenase can remove an ammonia (-NH3) group from an alanine molecule, and after that the alanine molecule will become ___________. 

Different from enzymes that have proenzyme forms, no vitamin has any pro-vitamin form in animal tissues. 

A deficiency of which vitamin in humans can lead to a clinical syndrome called “Beriberi”?(A) Vitamin B1(B) Vitamin B2(C) Vitamin B3(D) Vitamin B4 (E) Vitamin B5

Which one of the following monosaccharides does not have 6 carbon atoms in its single molecule.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway takes place in mitochondria.

Who was called the “Father of Modern Nutrition and Chemistry”?(A) Hypocrites (460–370 BC) (B) Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)(C) George Washington (1732-1799)(D) Albert Einstein (1879-1955)(E) Isaac Newton (1642-1726)(F) Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)