What effect does an increase in afterload have on cardiac output?

Which artery is a principal branch of the ascending aorta?

Physiologic dead space is equal to what?

The nasopharynx is posterior to which structure?

What condition occurs when the right ventricle cannot pump blood out as rapidly as it enters?

What structure primarily regulates blood flow through a capillary?

How many pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium?

What primarily causes normal expiration?

Which type of capillary is found in the liver, spleen, and red bone marrow and allows large proteins and intact cells to pass through?

During inspiration, what happens to the pressure in the thoracic cavity?