How did Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme serve as a metaphor (comparison/example) for the American economy?

“Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural…Those who benefited most from the market revolution –merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmer, along with their families — faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors.”             -Sean Wilentz, historian, “Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848,” published in 1997.   Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?  

President Johnson’s The Great Society

 The Affordable Care Act still require all Americans to have health insurance.

“The great and leading principle is, that the General Government emanated from the people of the several states, forming distinct political communities, and acting in their separate and sovereign capacity, and not from all the people forming one aggregate political community; that the Constitution of the United States is, in fact, a compact, to which each state is a Party, . . . and that the several states, or parties, have the right to judge of its infractions. . .I conceive to be the fundamental principle of our system, resting on facts as certain as our revolution itself, . . . and I firmly believe that on its recognition depend the stability and safety of our political institutions.”                                                                         John C. Calhoun, Address to the Southern States, 1831 Prior to Calhoun’s speech the idea of state’s rights was expressed in:    

March for Our Lives 

  The Manhattan Project

“The great and leading principle is, that the General Government emanated from the people of the several states, forming distinct political communities, and acting in their separate and sovereign capacity, and not from all the people forming one aggregate political community; that the Constitution of the United States is, in fact, a compact, to which each state is a Party, . . . and that the several states, or parties, have the right to judge of its infractions. . .I conceive to be the fundamental principle of our system, resting on facts as certain as our revolution itself, . . . and I firmly believe that on its recognition depend the stability and safety of our political institutions.”                                                                         John C. Calhoun, Address to the Southern States, 1831 Which of the following groups would have been most likely to applaud the sentiments expressed by Calhoun?  

“A firm union will be of the utmost moment to the peace and liberty of the states, as a barrier against domestic faction and insurrection.”                                                                                                                                                                                                               Alexander Hamilton “I am not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive. It places the governors indeed more at their ease, at the expense of the people.”                                                                                                                                       Thomas Jefferson   Which of the following was the most direct result of the ideas expressed in the quotes above?

“Joseph Smith… came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide. . . . In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon…. He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of followers before he was killed at age thirty-eight.” Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism’s Founder, 2005   The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?