The ultrasonic scaler converts electrical energy into high frequency (“ultrasonic”) sound waves.  The sounds waves then:

Which of the following is NOT preferred as a method or technique for performing a hard tissue assessment?

Case #2 – Your patient is a 21-year-old male presenting for an appointment 16 months after his last appointment. He has no significant findings on his health history. He has sealants on all of his first molars and a veneer on tooth #9. There is a grayish ‘shadow’ to the occlusal surface of #31 and obvious cavitation to the occlusal of #18. You note generalized heavy biofilm deposits, especially at the cervical margin of the maxillary anterior teeth.Question: The gray lesion on #31 is most likely:

Besides measuring pocket depth, what is another use for a periodontal probe?

Of the following choices, what insert and power setting would be best to remove this type of heavy calculus? supra.jpg

Case #2 – Your patient is a 21-year-old male presenting for an appointment 16 months after his last appointment. He has no significant findings on his health history. He has sealants on all of his first molars and a veneer on tooth #9. There is a grayish ‘shadow’ to the occlusal surface of #31 and obvious cavitation to the occlusal of #18. You note generalized heavy biofilm deposits, especially at the cervical margin of the maxillary anterior teeth.Question: What would be the preferred brushing method for you to recommend to help this patient?

What gingival condition is depicted here? ex 2 pd1.PNG

The first step in carious lesion formation occurs when acid products pass through micropores of enamel and produce, initially:

Case Study #1: Your patient is a 49-year-old female and is new to your practice. She reports a mitral valve prolapse, high blood pressure, and a history of cervical cancer which was treated with surgery about 10 years ago. She takes metoprolol to manage her blood pressure. She has three composite restorations on anterior teeth and two amalgam restorations on posterior teeth. Exploration with the EXD 11/12 reveals small spicules of calculus on most teeth beneath the gingival margin. She has generalized slight and localized moderate bone loss visible on radiographs. Marginal gingiva is red and inflamed with slight biofilm present along cervical and proximal surfaces.Question: While exploring for calculus, you detect a slight depression between the roots of the lower right first molar. The radiographs show no bone loss. What are you most likely detecting?

Which type of floss has only one single strand / filament?