Use this illustration of the major catabolic pathways to help you answer the following question. Carbohydrates, lipids, and peptides are similar because

The earliest living ancestors of multicellular plants and animals were

Before feeding into the TCA cycle, pyruvate is first converted to

In which of the following environments would periplasmic flagella provide an advantage over extracellular flagella?

Why have Chlamydia infections been linked to infertility?

Antibiotics with a high degree of ___________ are less likely to harm the host.

HPV initiates cancer development through increased expression of

Which of the following is measured by the minimal inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic? 

Drugs that target RNA polymerase are direct inhibitors of

An organism gains energy using sugars as an electron donor and Fe3+ as an electron acceptor. This type of metabolism is an example of