VRAAG 5   5.1 William het in ‘n donker tonnel geloop. Aan die einde van die tonnel was ‘n deur. Toe hy die deur oopmaak, was hy vir ‘n oomblik verblind deur die helder lig. Verduidelik wat ‘n refleksboog is en beskryf hoe dit die veranderinge in William se oë meebring wanneer hy die deur oopmaak. Noem al die relevante strukture wat betrokke is by die pupil-refleks en die senuweestelsel, om te verduidelik hoe en waarom sy pupille gereageer het op die skielike verandering in ligintensiteit. Verduidelik ten slotte waarom hierdie pupil-refleks belangrik is.      InhoudSinteseTotaal (17)(3)

3.1.4 Anna en Mike wil nog ‘n kind hê. Teken ‘n genetiese diagram om die kruising tussen Anna en Mike te wys. Sluit al die vereiste stappe en byskrifte in, asook die fenotipiese en genotipiese resultate en hul verhoudings. Neem ‘n duidelike foto of skandeer jou diagram en laai dit in hierdie vraag op, deur die knoppie hieronder te gebruik. (10)

3.1.3 Die letter N verteenwoordig die dominante alleel en n die resessiewe alleel. Kies die korrekte genotipes vir die volgende individue: Persoon Genotipes (a) Hulle seun (b) Anna se oom (c) Mike (d) Anna 1.  XNY2.  XnY3.  XNXn4.  XNXN (4)

1.4.1 Which phase of meiosis is shown in the diagram?  (1)

3.2.2 Verduidelik wat ‘n alleel is. (2)

2.2.5 Name two ways in which the reliability of this investigation could be improved. (2)

1.4 The diagram below shows a phase of meiosis. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM:   

2.3.1 Name gland X. (1)

4.1.2 Identifiseer die afhanklike veranderlike.  (1)

1.2 Provide the correct biological term(s) for each of the following descriptions (1.2.1 – 1.2.10). Type the question number followed by the term(s). 1.2.1 The name of the reproductive strategy in which animals produce many offspring, but spend little time or energy on parental care. (1) 1.2.2 The type of reproduction in which the embryo develops in an egg outside the female’s body. (1) 1.2.3 The type of reproduction in which offspring are born alive after a period of gestation, during which the foetus is nourished and protected within the mother’s body. (1) 1.2.4 The structure inside an amniotic egg that serves as reserve food (proteins and water) for the developing embryo. (1) 1.2.5 A sac inside an amniotic egg that grows from the embryo’s intestines, to collect waste products and exchange gases. (1) 1.2.6 The name of the reproductive strategy in which animals produce few offspring, and spend lots of energy on parental care. (1) 1.2.7 The type of fertilisation used by most marine animals. (1) 1.2.8 Refers to species where the young are practically fully developed and immediately mobile when they are hatched or born. (1) 1.2.9 Chemicals secreted by some animals to attract and signal to the opposite sex that they are sexually mature. (1) 1.2.10 A structure that is laid on dry land, mostly by reptiles and birds, in which an embryo develops. (1)