2.2 Read the following article and answer the questions that follow:    New bean varieties bred to beat the heat   March 26 2015 at 12:11pm   Scientists have bred 30 new varieties of “heat-beating” beans designed to provide protein for the world’s poor in the face of global warming.   Described as “meat of the poor”, beans are a key food source for more than 400 million people across the developing world, but the area suitable for growing them could drop 50 percent by 2050 because of global warming, endangering tens of millions of lives, scientists said.  Some of the 30 new types also have higher iron content to help increase their nutritional value, CGIAR, the research group backing the new discoveries, said in a statement.  New heat-tolerant beans might be able to handle average global temperature increases of 4 degrees celcius.   Bean growers in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa – including Nicaragua, Haiti, Brazil, Honduras, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo – are likely to be the worst hit by global warming, researchers said.  Some of these countries, dependent on small farmers to feed themselves, are not in good positions to adapt to a warming planet.  Clayton Campanhola, director of plant production and protection at the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, said the discovery of new “climate-smart” bean strains is a big deal.  Adapted from: New bean varieties bred to beat heat (2021). Available at: https://www.iol.co.za/news/new-bean-varieties-bred-to-beat-heat-1837457 (Accessed: 21 June 2021).  

1.3  Organisms are classified according to specific classification schemes. Order the classification levels below starting with the least specific level to the most specific level: (least specific) (most specific) (7)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE of the items in COLUMN II.  COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1 High CO2 levels in the blood will stimulate the brain’s… A respiratory centre. B cardiovascular centre. 1.3.2 Low water levels in the blood will lead to… A more ADH secreted by the hypothalamus. B less water reabsorbed from the filtrate. 1.3.3 High salt concentration in the blood will lead to… A the stimulation of the adrenal gland. B more aldosterone secreted in the blood. 1.3.4 A decrease in temperature will lead to… A blood being redirected to the surface of the body. B vasoconstriction. 1.3.5 Low thyroxin levels in the blood will lead to… A the pituitary being stimulated to secrete more TSH. B the thyroid gland producing less thyroxin. 1.3.6 Low glucose level in the blood will lead to… A the pancreas secreting glucagon. B glycogen converted to glucose. 1.3.1  1.3.2  1.3.3  1.3.4  1.3.5  1.3.6 

SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Ten multiple-choice questions are given below. Choose the most correct answer for each. 1.1.1 The diagram below shows part of a DNA molecule. CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM:      The correct labels for X, Y, and Z are: A. deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and hydrogen bondB. phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and hydrogen bondC. ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and peptide bondD. phosphate, ribose sugar, and peptide (2)

1.4.4 Give the diploid number of the cell shown.Only type the number (numerical). No letters, no punctuation. (1)

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2.2 Lees die onderstaande atrikel en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:    Nuwe boontjievariëteite geteel om hitte te klop 26 Maart 2015 om 12:11 nm   Wetenskaplikes het 30 nuwe soorte ‘hitteklopende’ boontjies geteel wat ontwerp is om proteïene vir die armes van die wêreld te voorsien wat aardverwarming in die gesig staar.  Boontjies word beskryf as ‘vleis van die armes’ en is ‘n belangrike voedselbron vir meer as 400 miljoen mense in die ontwikkelende wêreld, maar die gebied wat geskik is om dit te groei, kan teen 2050 met 50 persent daal as gevolg van aardverwarming, wat tienmiljoene lewens in gevaar stel. , het wetenskaplikes gesê.  Sommige van die 30 nuwe soorte het ook ‘n hoër ysterinhoud om hul voedingswaarde te verhoog, het CGIAR, die navorsingsgroep wat die nuwe ontdekkings ondersteun, in ‘n verklaring gesê.  Nuwe hitteverdraagsame bone kan die gemiddelde wêreldwye temperatuurstygings van 4 grade celcuis hanteer.  Boontelers in Latyns-Amerika en Afrika suid van die Sahara – insluitend Nicaragua, Haïti, Brasilië, Honduras, Kenia, Tanzanië, Uganda en die Demokratiese Republiek Kongo – sal waarskynlik die ergste getref word deur aardverwarming, het navorsers gesê.  Sommige van hierdie lande, afhanklik van kleinboere om hulself te voed, is nie in goeie posisies om aan te pas by ‘n opwarmende planeet nie. Clayton Campanhola, direkteur van plantproduksie en -beskerming by die VN se Voedsel- en Landbou-organisasie, het gesê dat die ontdekking van nuwe “klimaatslim” boontjiesoorte ‘n groot saak is.  Aangepas vanaf: New bean varieties bred to beat heat (2021). Available at: https://www.iol.co.za/news/new-bean-varieties-bred-to-beat-heat-1837457 (Accessed: 21 June 2021).  

1.1.8 The following DNA strand was used as a template to produce a certain protein:ACT CGT ATG Identify the anti-codons that would be involved in making the protein. A.   TGA GCA TACB.   UGA GCA UACC.   AGU CGA UACD.   ACU CGU AUG (2)

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1.1.2 Watter komponente is deel van die Aarde se stelsels? i)   Litosfeerii)  Hidrosfeeriii) Biosfeer iv) Atmosfeer (2)   A.  slegs iii B.  i, ii, iv C.  i, ii, iii, ivD.  slegs i