The PCR technique requires a DNA polymerase from an organism that can endure high heat, such as Thermus aquaticus. What step of the protocol makes the heat-stability most necessary?

What is the reason for studying mitochondrial genomics that is most directly important for humans?

What are the functions of the restriction enzymes and DNA ligase in recombination?

You are studying a population of geese in which there are two color phases, brown and gray. Color in this species is controlled by a single gene, with brown dominant to gray. A random sample of 250 geese shows that 210 are brown. What percentage of the brown geese are heterozygous? (Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.)

Female cardinals select male mates in part based on their bright red color. What effect would this have on a cardinal population that was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In Figure 8.1 below, an increase in government spending, ceteris paribus, is best represented as   a movement from point:

Describe how an adaptation, such as better running speed, relates to natural selection.

In E. coli, the trp operon is on by default, while the lac operon is off. Why do you think that this is the case?

You lead a research team challenged with the task of creating a regulatory protein able to shut off transcription of a particular gene. You focus your design around a binding site called an operator that is associated with the promoter. The physical location of the operator most likely to affect transcription would be

Describe how an adaptation, such as better running speed, relates to natural selection.