The spherical face shield of an astronaut’s helmet is made from polycarbonate with a yield strength of 103 MPa. The shield has an outside diameter of 365 mm and a thickness of 4.9 mm. If the shield is successfully pressure tested to 845 kPa on Earth, determine the factor of safety with respect to yielding.

Force P = 40 N is applied to a lever at the end of a 30-mm-diameter shaft. Force Q = 920 N is applied directly to the shaft. Determine the normal stress σy at point K. Let a = 170 mm and b = 240 mm.

The pressure hull of a space station module has an inside diameter of 4.6 m, a length of 5.2 m, and a wall thickness of 2.7 mm. It is made from an aluminum alloy with a yield strength of 271 MPa. If the hull is successfully pressure tested to 170 kPa on Earth, determine the factor of safety with respect to yielding.

A 495 N person stands at the end of a 1.48 m cantilever beam. The beam has a base of 85 mm and a height of 160 mm. Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 16 in., h = 26 in., and d = 23.5 in. It is reinforced with two No. 6 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 5,800 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the transformed cross-sectional area of the bars, Ast.

The pressure hull of a space station module has an inside diameter of 4.5 m, a length of 5.5 m, and a wall thickness of 2.6 mm. It is made from an aluminum alloy with a yield strength of 247 MPa. If the hull is successfully pressure tested to 195 kPa on Earth, determine the factor of safety with respect to yielding.

Compute the maximum bar spacing, s, to control for cracks in a one-way slab with 2.1 in. of clear cover and f​y​ = 58 ksi.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 18 in., h = 24 in., and d = 21.5 in. It is reinforced with four No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 6,400 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the gross moment of inertia, Ig, for the beam.

A simply supported beam with dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 30 in., d = 27.5 in., and L = 16 ft supports a uniform service (unfactored) dead load of 2.1375 kips/ft including its own self weight plus a uniform service (unfactored) live load of 1.2 kips/ft. The beam is reinforced with four No. 8 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 10,000 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the effective moment of inertia, Ie.The cracked moment Mcr = 131.3 kip-ft, and the maximum applied bending moment due to the combined service loads (dead plus live) Ma = 106.8 kip-ft. The neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam) is 6.8815 in.

The spherical face shield of an astronaut’s helmet is made from polycarbonate with a yield strength of 118 MPa. The shield has an outside diameter of 366 mm and a thickness of 4.6 mm. If the shield is successfully pressure tested to 985 kPa on Earth, determine the factor of safety with respect to yielding.