Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

Choose the best option: the action potential illustrated in this graph is from a . The slow depolarization before reaching threshold is due to , through which ions are the cell.

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

Choose the best option. The contraction of cardiac muscles is called .

Choose the best option. The relaxation of cardiac muscles is called .

Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces

Obstructive disorders are associated with