A “Brady violation” occurs when:

What are the intended goals of punishment and prisons?

Constructed Response: In a well-developed essay (approximately one full collegiate paragraph of 9–15 sentences), reflect on what you have learned throughout the semester in this Intro to Criminal Justice course. Identify and define one theoretical framework covered throughout the semester, define, and explain how this theory aligns with one of your long or short-term goals—whether personal, professional, or academic. Be sure to provide specific examples from course content to support the unpacking of your chosen theory and make clear connections between the chosen criminological theory and your personal aspirations.

What is a key goal of the merit selection method for choosing judges?

A major criticism of partisan elections for judges is:

What is determinate sentencing?

Which of the following best defines social disorganization (theory)?

Theoretical Application: Leo has been hanging out on a daily basis with a group of his closest friends who regularly skip school and engage in petty theft. These peers reinforce his belief that stealing is acceptable and even necessary. The longer he associates with them in their tight-knit group, the more he engages in criminal behavior. Which theory best explains Leo’s development?

Theoretical Application: Sasha’s parents have little involvement in her life, and she rarely attends school or community events. Without strong ties to any positive social institutions, she begins engaging in vandalism, drug use, and illegal prostitution. Which theory best explains this path to deviance and crime?

What is the central idea of Labeling Theory in criminology?