Sinara reads a story reporting that children who attend pres…

Sinara reads a story reporting that children who attend preschool do better in kindergarten than children who do not attend preschool. She wonders if that means that attending preschool causes children to do better in kindergarten. If so, she will send her child to preschool for sure. Applying the three causal criteria, Sinara knows there is covariance and temporal precedence. Which of the following questions would help Sinara ask about the third criterion, internal validity?

Please use the following scenario to answer the next two que…

Please use the following scenario to answer the next two questions. Dr. Huang, a biological psychologist, is planning a study that involves watching college students complete complicated puzzles in same-sex pairs. He will hook the participants up to physiological monitors to measure their heart-rate and stress levels during the observation. Two research assistants with stay in the room with the participants. Each assistant will record behavioral data about the interactions between participants.

You are analyzing the HTTP communication between a web brows…

You are analyzing the HTTP communication between a web browser and a RESTful API for an online bookstore. A user requests information about a book with ISBN “978-0321765723” using the endpoint /books/978-0321765723. Here are the captured requests and responses:   Request: GET /books/978-0321765723 HTTP/1.1 Host: api.bookstore.example.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:91.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/91.0 Accept: application/json Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Connection: keep-alive   Response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 26 Oct 2023 14:30:00 GMT Content-Type: application/json Content-Length: 250 Connection: keep-alive {   “isbn”: “978-0321765723”,   “title”: “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship”,   “author”: “Robert C. Martin”,   “price”: 34.99,   “available”: true }   What is the function of the “Content-Length: 250” header in the response?