The ___________________ is involved in the reabsorption of water and the elimination of sodium ion.

Reynill drinks a cup of strong, black coffee every morning. Last night, Reynill stayed at his partner’s house and had a cup of coffee. Later, Reynill was surprised to learn that the coffee was decaffeinated, because he had actually felt more alert after drinking it. In this example, what are the CS and the CR?

When you feel cold, you engage in behavior to reduce this unpleasant feeling, such as putting on your coat. This desire to reduce internal tension is a crucial aspect of _____ theories of motivation.

The _____ served as the foundation for the discovery of what Pavlov eventually referred to as “classical conditioning.”

In nephrons, the _________________ carries urine to the renal pelvis.

While studying for their final exam, Clark uses _____ for the learning psychology chapter. They do this by relating examples of operant conditioning to their own experiences. For example, Clark recalls a time they trained their dog to sit by giving them a treat, or positively reinforcing their dog.

The hierarchical division of motivation into levels that progress from basic physical needs to psychological needs to self-fulfillment needs was developed by:

In the human body __________________ serve as a major energy source for living cells.

The enzyme pepsin functions by   

What is an emotion?