A chronic alcoholic presents to the Emergency Department with a 3-day history of a productive cough. His vital signs show a fever and a chest x-ray shows dense consolidation in the right lower lobe. You astutely order a sputum gram stain and culture. When the nurse collects the patient’s sputum, she tells you that it is thick, dark red/brown and similar in appearance to currant jelly. What morphological and microbiological characteristics would you expect the microbiology laboratory to identify?

In order to gain a competitive advantage for you participation in the UF Grad Cup Olympics, you train at high altitude. After three months of training, your hemoglobin concentration has increased to 17.5 g/dL. As you return to Gainesville and show up at the Southwest Rec Center to start the competition, what is your arterial oxygen content (mls/dL)?

A 64 yo female is evaluated for a 6-month history of dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. She has been diagnosed with recurrent pneumonia and has been treated with azithromycin and levofloxacin, without significant improvement. The patient has never smoked, has had no known environmental exposures, and has not traveled recently or been exposed to anyone with a similar illness. Her only medications are aspirin and a multivitamin. On physical examination, temperature is 37.8°C (100.0°F); other vital signs are normal. Cardiac examination is normal. There are scattered crackles in the mid-lung zones with associated rare expiratory wheezes. There is no digital clubbing. Musculoskeletal and skin examinations are normal. Chest imaging and a transbronchial biopsy was performed (see the three images).       Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What do diphtheria toxin and pertussis toxin have in common?

You are flying in an airplane at 37,000 feet above sea level when a partial loss of cabin pressure is experienced, resulting in the deployment of breathing masks that are a 50:50 mix of nitrogen and oxygen. Once the pilots stabilize the aircraft, the instrument panel indicates that the cabin pressure is 397 mm Hg. Due to anxiety induced hyperventilation, your PaCO2 drops to 32 mm Hg. After firmly placing the mask on your face as the flight attendants instructed when you were not paying attention, what will be your PAO2 (mm Hg)?

A 58 yo man is referred to the Pulmonary Clinic for shortness of breath. He was a construction worker in NYC for a number of years, and spent eight years working at the World Trade Center site, post 9/11. He recently retired and moved to Gainesville to be closer to his daughter. He is a social drinker and takes a diuretic (Lasix) for blood pressure control. BMI = 27. BP = 135/95 mm Hg. Heart rate = 85 bpm. Respiratory rate = 20 bpm. PFT generated the following clinical values; FEV = 3.4 L and the FEV1 = 3.1 L. He is given Albuterol and the PFT is repeated; the same results are obtained. The patient most likely suffers from

A 50 year old homeless male who was recently released from prison is found to have a parenchymal lung nodule and hilar lymph node lesions. The lung nodule is excised and the pathology resident tells you that on gross exam, it looked like a caseating granuloma. Microscopically, giant cells and central necrosis are identified. An AFB stain performed on the tissue sections reveals a few AFB positive rod shaped bacteria. What organism is most likely?

A female patient comes to the clinic with chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is a smoker and has recurring pneumonia and bronchitis. A CT scan reveals multiple small pulmonary nodules. You tell the patient to immediately stop smoking because you suspect small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) originating from small granule cells. Which of the following tests would you perform to support SCLC?

A 4 yo boy is brought to the UF Health ED with acute shortness of breath. He had been playing with some plastic toys in his bedroom when a piece of a toy broke off and became lodged in his lungs. He immediately began coughing and gagging for about 1 minute. He is not current on vaccinations as his parents do not believe in them. He is otherwise healthy. Upon X-ray, which region of the respiratory system is most likely to appear abnormal?

A 66 yo man presents at the UF Health ED with acute dyspnea. He first noticed the symptoms two weeks ago, but they have only worsened, especially with any type of physical exertion. Breathing room air, his ABGs are pH = 7.50, PaO2 = 49 mm Hg, PaCO2 = 28 mm Hg, HCO3- = 21 mEq/L, respiratory rate = 29 breathes per minute, and heart rate = 105 beats per minute. His DLCO is measured and found to be within its predicted value for someone of his age, gender, and height. After several minutes of supplemental oxygen where FIO2 = 50%, his SpO2 = 100%. Which of the following is most accurate as it relates to the presentation of this patient?