What is the ratio of ANION to CATION for the drug below?   (enter #:#) What is the ratio of CATION to ANION for the drug below? (enter #:#)  

Select the amino acid(s) that contain a NON-POLAR SIDE CHAIN? (select all that apply)

Identify the amino acid(s) with a side chain that behaves as a BASE at physiological pH (7.4).  (select all that apply)

There are 35 multiple choice/short answer/fill in the blank (2pts ea) in this section of the exam.

Consider the binding site within the muscarinic receptor where the endogenous neurotransmitter Acetylcholine binds. If the structure of Acetylcholine were redrawn properly within the active site, match the functional groups (1-6) to the locations in the binding site (A-F) where they would interact. (hint: rotate, twist, flip, turn the molecule as needed…expand combined functional groups as necessary). Functional Group # Binding Site Location (1) methyl group ? (2) oxygen in carbonyl between (A) and (B) (3) oxygen in ester ? (4) two-carbon spacer between (E) and (F) (5) quaternary amine ? (6) three methyl groups ?   note: Tyr616 has an -OH side chain

GCHEM RECALL! Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is utilized in “barium swallow milkshakes” prior to taking x-rays of the digestive tract.  (note: when typing in chemical equations, don’t worry about formatting subscripts, for example BaSO4 = BaSO4 but use parenthesis as needed, for example Na3(PO4) = Na3(PO4) ) 2pt *** a) Write the balanced chemical equation describing how you would prepare BaSO4 from two aqueous solutions resulting in a BaSO4(s) precipitate.   (your answer should be in the format of reactants —> products) 2pt *** b) Classify your reaction for blank1 (e.g. neutralization, double replacement, single replacement, etc.) and explain your choice. 1pt *** c) Write an balanced equation for when CaCO3 (the main component in TUMS antacid) reacts with stomach acid, HCl

Match the binding interactions that might be possible at each position of the drug amoxicillin.

Consider the neurotransmitter Dopamine that interacts with dopamine 1 receptors in the body via key interactions with amino acids found in the receptor binding site. If the structure of Dopamine were redrawn properly within the dopamine 1 receptor binding site, match the functional groups (1-5) to the locations in the binding site (A-E) where they would interact. Choices 1-5 may be used once, more than once, or not at all. For example, group 3 typically is found between points (B) and (C). Complete the matching for the remainder of the functional groups. (hint: rotate, twist, flip, turn the molecule as needed…expand combined functional groups as necessary). Functional Group # Binding Site Location (1) phenolic -OH (2) phenolic -OH (3) benzene ring B – C (4) two-carbon spacer (5) primary amine note: Asp114 has a -COOH side chain; Ser194/197 have an -OH side chains

Consider the neurotransmitters shown below. Notice similarities and differences, then answer the questions below *** a) The pharmacophore of these three compounds is best described as: *** b) What is the significance of the “Iso” in the isoprenaline chemical name? *** c) What is the significance of the “NOR” in the noradrenaline chemical name? *** d) If Noradrenaline binds better to “alpha receptors” while isoprenaline binds better to “beta receptors” and Adrenaline binds equally well to both “alpha” and “beta receptors”….              Suggest a STRUCTURE BASED explanation for these differences in selectivity.

Consider the panel of amines. Match the amine with its appropriate chemical classification / description: