When using an electric pulp tester, toothpaste is used to ____________.

The intracanal instrument that is used to enlarge and smooth the canal is the ____________.

Which tool is used to prepare the canal for a post?

In determining the presence of vertical fractures, __________ may be used.

A method to disinfect the root canal could include a small amount of disinfectant applied to the insides of the root canal walls.

Gates-Glidden drills are used ____________.

Extensive bone loss is a common indication for a root amputation.

The advanced stage of periapical infection that involves the bone tissue is ____________.

Which instrument will measure the distance to the apex of each root?

Which procedure removes all the pulpal tissues in the pulp chamber and stops 1–3 mm short of the apex?