A 1-month-old prematurely born baby boy with a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia is receiving PC-CMV. The patient’s initial measured VT was about 5 mL/kg with a respiratory rate of 40 to 60 breaths/min, the SpO2 was 95% on an FIO2 of 0.3, and  was 0.28 L. Over several hours, VT diminishes to about 2 to 3 mL/kg and the respiratory rate increases to over 100 breaths/min. The SpO2 decreases to about 92%, but the  remains unchanged. What change in ventilator settings is necessary for this patient?

A therapist has been asked to evaluate a child with recurrent pneumonia that is suspected of having foreign body aspiration. Which of the following clinical conditions would guide the therapist to the diagnosis?

You are called to assist with a full-term neonate who was transferred to your facility for further evaluation. The patient is the son of a diabetic mother who tested positive for group B streptococcus infection. He is 4 kg, has received one dose of surfactant, and has extremely low lung volumes on AP chest radiograph. The transport team has the infant on continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV), pressure control rate of 60, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of 32, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 8, and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2) of 1.0. These ventilator settings are producing a peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO 2) of 85%, with admission blood gas values of 7.15/65/66/23. What mode of ventilation would you suggest for this patient and why?

A 3-year-old child has been diagnosed with epiglottitis and was intubated due to severe respiratory distress. After 24 hours of antibiotics, the therapist is considering extubation. What will be an acceptable leak before considering extubation?

Which of the following condition is consistent with recurrent pneumonias and chronic lung disease?

While viewing an anteroposterior view of a chest radiograph of an intubated neonate, a therapist notices that the endotracheal tube tip has advanced towards the carina. What could explain this new location of the endotracheal tube?

Give 2 examples of Air leak Syndromes, for each example describe the pathology.

Which of the following radiographic views provides the best perspective for ascertaining the position of an endotracheal tube in the patient’s esophagus?

The therapist is conducting a ventilator check for a neonate and makes the following notations on the ventilator flow sheet: PEEP: 5 cm H2O Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP): 25 cm H2O Mandatory rate: 15 breaths per minute FiO2: 0.35On the basis of these observations, what should the therapist recommend for this neonate?

As the therapist auscultates over an infant’s larynx, he hears a very low-pitched sound. Based on this finding, what impression is he or she likely to have regarding the nature of the upper airway obstruction?