Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease) has over 15 known genes (most likely in a some kind of pathway) that can cause the disease phenotype: a progressive degeneration of nervous system function. This is an example of:

Use the following pedigree for dwarfism to answer the questions below. Based on your understanding of inheritances is the trait dominant or recessive? Is it autosomal or sex-linked? Defend your answers. What is the genotype and phenotype for the following individuals:                        II-1  ___________­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­____________               II-3  _______________________     Individual III-4 marries her 1st cousin III-1 (YIKES), and is soon pregnant. After their child is born, they are soon divorced. The husband goes on Jerry Springer. He is furious because they have a ‘tall’ child (not affected) and is accusing his wife of sleeping with his brother (III-3). Is his anger justified? Show your evidence.

Humans display a tremendous amount of variation. It has been postulated that ‘no 2 humans are identical .’ What are two (of the three) ways human genetic variation is increased? Be sure to explain exactly how variation is increased.

When studying a karyotype, how are chromosomes typically arranged (and ordered)?

If the probability of a mother inheriting a disease allele from her parents is 1/2 and the probability that she passes it to her child is 1/4. The chance the child will inherit the allele is 3/4. Assume the males are homozygous normal.

A major difference between the X and Y chromosomes is

During the process of transcription, _____.

Which of the following best represents the pathway for the secretion of a protein from a cell?

Epigenetic changes

X-linked _____________traits do not show up in males because the are embryonic lethal.