Gui’s text about the Waldensians:  “Now the principal heresy of the . . . Waldenses was and still continues to be contempt of _____.

Only peasants responded to Ball’s message.

From Froissart on the English peasant revolt:  John Ball contended that in society there ought to be neither _____ or _____ .

In the latest major study on the late medieval plague by Jon Aberth, The Black Death. A New History of the Great Mortality, 1347-1500 (Oxford:  University Press, 2020), the mortality rate (of death)  in the European population was ______.

Modern researchers trace the late medieval plague’s origin to  _____ .

From the lecture notes:  The polarity argumentation refers to _____.

According to the future Pope Innocent III (Lothario dei Segni), from the moment of ______ every human is contaminated by sin.

From the lecture notes:  Among the short-term effects of the Black Death which benefited the English peasantry was the _____.

Editors’ introduction.  Europe’s commercial economy was revitalized owing to several factors, including the cessation of Viking raids, stronger kings providing more political stability and increased ______ productivity, allowing more people to pursue other sources of income.

Aristotle taught that women do not bestow any part of _____ to the fetus.