Mark turns in his last final exam of the semester and returns to his dorm. He begins to consume alcoholic beverages and is soon very drunk. In his inebriated state, he begins to throw furniture out of the window, and the last item he tosses, a couch, lands on a passerby walking below. Mark’s celebration ends when campus security arrives and places him under arrest. If it can be proven that Mark landed the couch on the victim because of his race, then a _____ charge may also be added against Mark.​

The crime of kidnapping involves unlawfully:​

Annie and her husband are fighting again. The husband drinks to excess and this upsets Annie. During the course of the argument, Annie picks up an ash tray and hits her husband on the temple, and hedies instantly. The police arrest Annie, but the prosecution has not charged her yet.​ ​The prosecution would only be able to charge Annie with:

Robbery differs from extortion in that extortion requires:

Jasmine opens her monthly bank statement and is thrilled to find she has $10,000 more in her savings than she expected. Since it is late in the evening and past banking hours when she opened her mail, Jasmine does nothing to immediately rectify the error. After several more days, Jasmine withdraws the money and buys a new car. At this point, Jasmine would be guilty of:​

Billy is walking along the street and in front of him a woman is walking. Billy is wearing his running shoes so the woman does not suspect anything. He bolts ahead and grabs the woman’s purse, but the woman resists by holding on to the purse. Billy turns on the woman and shows her a knife. The woman immediately releases the purse and Billy turns and runs straight into a police officer, who arrests him. If Billy had successfully taken the purse without resorting to force, in some states he would still be charged with robbery through _____ laws.

List and explain the different elements that must be proved for conviction of an assault. Provide examples. (Max. Value: 5 points)

If a shoplifter is detained without probable cause, the crime of ______ has been committed:​

​If a shopper in a store is falsely accused of shoplifting in public but no criminal charges were brought, it may give rise to a civil suit alleging:

Sam has a heated argument over an affair he claims his wife is having with his best friend. The argument escalates and Sam is overheard by the neighbors saying he wished his wife were dead. After repeatedly trying to get from Sam what happened to his wife, the best friend calls the police after two days, not seeing Sam’s wife during that time.​ That Sam’swife was not seen for two days by the neighbors, Sam, or Sam’sbest friend establishes:​