In 1960, electrical engineer David Latimer took a 10 gallon glass jar, added compost (soil rich in organic material being digested by a wide assortment of microbial life), a spiderwort seedling, and some water, and sealed it. He then placed it in his house where it could get indirect sunlight. He opened it once in 1972 to add some additional water but has otherwise kept it sealed since then. This jar represents perhaps the oldest known sealed ecosystem, in which the organisms present balance each other out, and nutrients are continually cycled between them. Photo credit: Daily Mail  Copyright 2025 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed. 1. What organisms and processes are producing carbon dioxide in this system, making it available as gaseous CO2 for the plant to fix? 2. In addition to fixing CO2 in order to make sugars, does the plant produce CO2? If yes, from what process? If no, why not? 3. What gas is the plant emitting that is needed by its other partners for their metabolic processes, and what is this gas turned into as a result of those processes? Please label your answers 1., 2., and 3. and explain each part fully and clearly.

The COMPAS recidivism algorithm has been criticized for bias. If you were designing an alternative system, what specific design choices would you make to mitigate bias while maintaining predictive utility?

Friedman and Nissenbaum describe 3 categories of bias in computer systems? What are those? Explain each briefly.

A 4th grader’s personality would be included in which domain of development?

Whitley is starting kindergarten this fall. She knows that she’s supposed to tell the truth and that she’s not supposed to lie, but she doesn’t really understand why. She just knows that her mom will punish her if she doesn’t tell the truth. Which level of moral development is Whitley demonstrating?

The positive outcome of which one of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development can be achieved through consistent caregiving?

Almost 1 in 5 children in middle and late childhood have a BMI in the 95th percentile or above and would be considered

True or false? Children playing with similar toys alongside each other, but not together is called parallel play.

True or false? The APGAR is an assessment performed 5 minutes after birth and again 30 minutes after birth.

Which parenting style features warmth but not control?