Just as prayer is invalid without purification, so also is i…

Just as prayer is invalid without purification, so also is it worthless without proper intention, known as niyya. Niyya is required, in fact, before any ritual performance as well as other important activities, such as finding a marriage partner. Niyya ensures a proper mental and spiritual attitude, free from both rote repetition and casualness.

 The final pillar of Islam is also the most dramatic and dev…

 The final pillar of Islam is also the most dramatic and developed of all Muslim ritual practices. The pilgrimage to Mecca during the holy pilgrimage month of Dhu al-Hijja (literally, “ with the hajj”) is held monthly. It is required once in each Muslim’s lifetime, but only if he or she is legally an adult, as well as both physically and financially capable.