Diffuse axonal injuries, often seen in professional athletes and car accident victims, are caused by:

A glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1C) level is useful to see:

A 58 year old male presents with mental status changes and is found to have stenosis of his internal carotid artery. The circle of Willis provides ___________________________, to compensate for the drop in blood flow through the internal carotid artery.

Long-term starvation results in a decrease in reliance on ________________________ for formation of glucose molecules from non-carbohydrates like amino acids, and increased use of ___________________for energy.

Type II diabetes is an example of a/an ____________________________ disorder, because the target cells in some cases develop resistance and stop responding to insulin.

Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the______ AND Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which neurotransmitter?

What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?

 A client presents with bradykinesia, hand tremor, shuffling gait, dysphagia and a flat affect.  The neurotransmitter associated with these clinical manifestations is:

Which of the following would not be an expected clinical finding in a 15 year old who sustained a moderate concussion in a biking accident?

Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is a result of :