Q.32 A nurse is reported for taking prescribed patient medications for their personal use. Who has direct authority over deciding if the nurse may keep their professional license to continue practicing as a nurse?

If you created a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis lacking genes for flagella production, the strain would ______.

You inoculate a flask containing tryptic soy broth with a culture of E. coli and begin measuring the optical density of the culture with a spectrophotometer in order to detect growth. The measurements you take for the first few hours do not show any change, and then later in the day you begin to observe increases in numbers of cells (i.e., your absorbance readings increase). Which of the following best explains why there is this delay in growth following inoculation?

Optional up to 2 points of extra credit: Here we see an estimation of daily infections by SARS-CoV-2 based on wastewater data collected during the COVID pandemic, tracking the repeated waves of infection we have experienced in the U.S. 1. How is it that we are able to measure SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, i.e., what does this tell us about infections with this virus? What is it that we are measuring in this wastewater? 2. Make a prediction based on this graph and your understanding of the ongoing COVID pandemic. Where do you think cases will go in the future? Explain your thinking – why do you think cases will behave as you predict, and what variables will contribute to that trend.

Clostridium perfringens, causative agent of gas gangrene (resulting e.g. from shrapnel wounds) has an extraordinary doubling time of only about 8 to 10 minutes when in the human host. If a patient is brought in with a shrapnel wound with fluids containing an average concentration of about 100 C. perfringens cells per ml, assuming a doubling time of 10 minutes, about what concentration of cells will the patient have in the wound in about an hour if left untreated for this time?

You are considering treating an infection of Staphylococcus aureus with penicillin. During which growth phase will S. aureus be most susceptible (sensitive) to penicillin?

You isolate and culture prokaryotic forms of life living as part of the human microbiota on a group of students you survey. The majority of these are most likely ______.

You sample some surfaces using a sterile cotton swab moistened with sterile water, and streak the swab onto the surface of two different types of media: one Petri dish containing the complex medium tryptic soy agar (TSA), and the other the chemically defined medium glucose salts agar (GSA). Following incubation, on which Petri dish do you expect more growth, and why? Please briefly explain, and be sure to compare and contrast these two types of media as part of your answer.

Consider what you have learned so far about microorganisms. Consider both their positive and negative impacts on humans. 1. Describe a couple of examples that demonstrate these positive and negative impacts. 2. Do you think overall microorganisms have a greater positive, or negative, impact on humans? Please explain.

You are interested in studying nutrients present in soils and decide to make a “soil broth” in order to conduct your studies. You mix a sample of soil from the Edmonds College campus in water and bring the mixture to a boil for a few minutes to kill the microbes growing within. You then strain the mixture through a sterile filter with a 1 mm pore size to remove the sediments, and collect the broth in sterile bottles. Out of time, you leave the bottles at room temperature with the intention of inoculating them next week with specific species of soil organisms. However, when you return next week to set up your experiment, you discover that your previously translucent (clear) solutions are now turbid. What is the most likely explanation for this?