(04.01 MC) In sea horses, the female inseminates the male by inserting her oviduct into the male brooding pouch several times to ensure fertilization. After fertilization is complete, the female departs and the male attaches himself to a nearby object, and waits for the eggs to mature. How would this reproductive strategy ensure survival of the species? (3 points)

(04.03 MC) The graph below shows the population change of a reintroduced species of marine organisms. Which is the most likely characteristic of this population between 2007 and 2013? (3 points)

(04.04 MC) Some viruses found on the ocean’s surface can infect and kill plankton. How would this affect the fish population and human health? (3 points)

(04.04 MC) Female sea turtles return to land after they are mature in order to lay their eggs. Why would female turtles spend more time on land than males? (3 points)

(04.04 MC) Which of the following is an r-selected species in the ocean and why? (3 points)

(06.04 MC) Using the graph below, what can you infer about the correlation of U.S. crude oil production and imports between 1920 and 2020? (3 points) © 2016 CC-BY-SA

(06.01 LC) What do scientists call a non-native species that reproduces quickly and spreads in an environment when these organisms can cause harm to an ecosystem? (3 points)

(04.05 HC) The Atlantic puffin feeds on several different species of Atlantic fish. A population of puffins living on Matinucus Rock was found to feed primarily on the types of fish shown in the graph below. The beaks of this group of puffins are shaped to grasp species A particularly well because it is the main species of fish in the ocean around this island. Suppose a puffin in this population is born with a shorter beak that cannot effectively grasp Species A. Predict what would happen to this bird. Explain your reasoning based on what you know regarding genetic adaptations. (3 points)

(04.05 MC) In the Galapagos islands, larger iguanas are more successful at reproducing and have more offspring. How would the population change if larger body size also makes iguanas more vulnerable to predatory birds? (3 points)

(06.04 HC) In one fishing ground off the coast of England, herring were fished so extensively that their numbers dropped 30-fold in 15 years. A fishing ban allowed herring numbers to rebound to the extent that they are now a species of least concern. For a species that is declining, like the herring, why might a scientists want to establish a “no-fishing” zone (like a marine protected area) as a tool for dealing with overfishing? Explain two benefits and list at least one potential limitation of this type of intervention. (5 points)