A 77 y/o female with a past medical history of hypertension,…

A 77 y/o female with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presents to your clinic for routine follow up. The patient mentions that she has been experiencing intermittent episodes of palpitations for the past several months that resolve spontaneously in a few minutes. An EKG is obtained demonstrating atrial fibrillation with a rate of 88 beats per minute with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2.  What is the appropriate next step in regard to the prevention of embolic stroke in this patient?

You are given an unknown alien axon for research with somewh…

You are given an unknown alien axon for research with somewhat similar action potential mechanism as mammalian neurons. You have found the following concentration of ions: Na+ inside = 40 Mm Na+ outside = 400 Mm Threshold= -20 mV Resting Membrane Potential -40 mV If an action potential is generated with these ionic concentrations, what phase of action potential the axon is currently in when the voltmeter reads -70 and there is only an outward current reading ?