A 61-year-old man presents with muscle weakness and kidney stones. His wife reports he has become irritable, though unrelated to his illness. Labs: calcium 12.1 mg/dL (normal 8.5–10.5), PTH elevated, phosphate low. Which process explains his condition?

A 50-year-old woman presents with progressive unilateral facial numbness and hearing loss. MRI shows a mass at the cerebellopontine angle. Which process explains her condition?

A 33-year-old neurodiverse man with autism presents with palpitations and dizziness. ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Which process explains his reduced cardiac output?

A 70-year-old woman reports gradual central vision loss. Fundus exam reveals drusen deposits and pigmentary changes. Which process explains her disease?

A 57-year-old man presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and blurred vision. HbA1c is 9.8% (normal

A 61-year-old man from China presents with confusion and weakness. Labs: Hb 8.8 (normal 13.5–17.5), MCV 118 (normal 80–96), B12 92 (normal: 200–900). Which process explains his anemia?

A 36-year-old woman presents with rash after hiking. Exam: linear vesicles along forearm. Which process explains her rash?

A 25-year-old man collapses while running. Autopsy shows thickened interventricular septum. Which process explains his sudden death?

A 74-year-old man presents with weight loss, chronic cough, and fever. CXR: cavitary lesion in upper lobe. Which process explains his condition?

A 78-year-old homeless woman presents to ED with large ulcerated lesion on her sacrum. Which process explains her skin breakdown?